Article Text
PDFReview
Demystified . . . Human endogenous retroviruses
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are a family of viruses within our genome with similarities to present day exogenous retroviruses. HERVs have been inherited by successive generations and it is possible that some have conferred biological benefits. However, several HERVs have been implicated in certain cancers and autoimmune diseases. This article demystifies these retroviruses by providing an insight into HERVs, their means of classification, and a synopsis of HERVs implicated in cancer and autoimmunity. Furthermore, the biological roles of HERVs are explored.
- human endogenous retroviruses
- cancer
- autoimmunity
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis gene
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- HERV, human endogenous retrovirus
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HTLV, human T cell leukaemia virus
- IDDM, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
- ISP, immunosuppressive peptide
- LINES, long stretches of related sequences
- LTR, long terminal repeat
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MMTV, mouse mammary tumour virus
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PTN, pleiotrophin gene
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SS, Sjogren’s syndrome
- TGCT, testicular germ cell tumour