New evidence indicates that leucocytes and leucocyte adhesion molecules feature in blocking retinal capillaries in sickle cell retinopathy. Retinas from patients with sickle cell disease showed significantly higher immunoreactivity of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and P-selectin than retinas from a control. ICAM-1 and P-selectin reactivities were highest in sections of retina whereas VCAM-1 reactivity …