Summary
The vascular permeability in the peripheral nervous system to protein tracers was studied in various mammals. Albumin and gamma globulin which had been injected intravenously penetrated the walls of epineurial and perineurial blood vessels of all examined species. The albumin tracer also passed from the blood vessels into the spinal nerve roots and the dorsal root ganglia. Phylogenetic variations with regard to the vascular permeability were observed in the endoneurium of the peripheral nerves. The proteins did not enter the endoneurium of rat and mouse sciatic nerves but varying amounts of proteins leaked out of the endoneurial vessels in the guinea pig, hamster, hen, rabbit, cat, rhesus monkey and the chimpanzee. In a comparison between the penetration rate of two concurrently injected proteins in one of these species albumin was found to pass more rapidly than gamma globulin across the endoneurial vessels. Preliminary ultrastructural observations on the endoneurial and ganglionic blood vessels in the rhesus monkey have also been obtained. Factors influencing the permeability properties of various blood vessels are discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Die Gefäßpermeabilität des peripheren Nervensystems für Proteintracer wurde an verschiedenen Säugern untersucht. Albumin und gamma-Globulin tritt nach i.v. Injektion durch die Wand epi- und perineuraler Blutgefäße aller untersuchten Tierarten hindurch. Der Albumintracer trat aus den Gefäßen auch in die Spinalnervenwurzeln und in die Spinalganglien. Phylogenetische Unterschiede in der Gefäßpermeabilität fanden sich im Endoneurium peripherer Nerven. Proteine traten nicht in das Endoneurium des N. ischiadicus von Ratten und Mäusen ein, wohl aber kam es zu einem wechselnd starken Austritt von Proteinen aus endoneuralen Gefäßen bei Meerschweinchen, Hamster, Huhn, Kaninchen, Katze, Rhesusaffen und Schimpansen. Vergleichsuntersuchungen der Durchtrittsrate zweier gleichzeitig injizierter Proteine bei ein und derselben Species zeigten, daß Albumin rascher aus den Endoneuralgefäßen austritt als gamma-Globulin. Vorläufige elektronenoptische Untersuchungen an den endoneuralen und ganglionären Blutgefäßen des Rhesusaffen wurden vorgenommen. Die Faktoren, welche die Permeabilitätseigenschaften der verschiedenen Blutgefäße im peripheren Nerven beeinflussen, werden diskutiert.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alt, G., Cavanagh, J. B.: Ultrastructural changes in the region of the node of Ranvier in the rat caused by diphtheria toxin. Brain92, 459–468 (1969).
Anders, K.-H.: Untersuchungen über den Feinbau von Spinalganglien. Z. Zellforsch.55, 1–48 (1961).
Brightman, M., Klatzo, I., Olsson, Y., Reese, T.: The blood-brain barrier to protein tracers under normal and pathological conditions. J. Neurol. Sci.10, 215–239 (1970).
Doinikow, B.: Histologische und histopathologische Untersuchungen am peripheren Nerven-system mittel vitaler Färbung. Folia neuro-biol. (Lpz.)7, 731–749 (1913).
Graham, R. C., Karnovsky, M. J.: Thb early stages of absorption of injected horseradish peroxidase in the proximal tubules of mouse; ultrastructural cytochemistry by a new technique. J. Histochem. Cytochem.14, 291–296 (1966).
Holzman, E., Peterson, E.: Uptake of protein by mammalian neurons. J. Cell Biol.40, 963–869 (1969).
Karnovsky, M. J.: Vesicular transport of exogenous peroxidase across capillary endothelium into the T-system of muscle. J. Cell Biol.27, 49A (1965).
—: The ultrastructural basis of capillary permeability studied with peroxidase as tracer. J. Cell Biol.35, 213–236 (1967).
Klatzo, I.: Neuropathological aspects of brain edema. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.26, 1–14 (1967).
Kristensson, K., Olsson, Y.: The perineurium as diffusion barrier to protein tracers. Differences between mature and immature animals. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)17, 127–138 (1971).
Liebermann, A. R.: The connective tissue elements of the mammalian nodose ganglion. Z. Zellforsch.89, 95–111 (1968).
Mancini, R. E.: Connective tissue and serum proteins. Int. Rev. Cytol.14, 193–222 (1963).
Olsson, Y.: Studies on vascular permeability in peripheral nerves. I. Distribution of circulating fluorescent serum albumin in normal, crushed and sectioned rat sciatic nerve. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)7, 1–15 (1966).
—: Phylogenetic variations in the vascular permeability of peripheral nerves to serum albumin. Acta path. microbiol. scand.69, 621–623 (1967).
—: Topographical differences in the vascular permeability of the peripheral nervous system. Acta neuropath. (Berl.)10, 26–33 (1968).
— Reese, T. S.: Inaccessibility of the endoneurium of mouse sciatic nerve to exogenous proteins. Anat. Rec.163, 319 (1969).
Olsson, Y. Reese, T. S.: Fine structural localization of a blood-nerve barrier to protein tracers in the mouse sciatic nerve. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol. (in press).
Reese, T. S., Karnovsky, M. J.: Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase. J. Cell Biol.34, 207–217 (1967).
Rosenbluth, J., Wissig, S. L.: The distribution of exogenous ferritin in toad spinal ganglia and the mechanism of its uptake by neurons. J. Cell Biol.23, 307–325 (1964).
Steinwall, O., Klatzo, I.: Double tracer methods in studies on blood-brain barrier dysfunction and brain edema. Acta neurol. scand.41, suppl. 13 (1965).
——: Selective vulnerability of blood-brain barrier in chemically induced lesions. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.25, 542–559 (1966).
Tschetschujeva, T.: Über die Speicherung von Trypanblue in Ganglien des Nervensystems. Z. ges. exp. med.69, 208–219 (1929).
Venable, J. H., Coggeshall, R.: A simplified lead citrate stain for use in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol.25, 407–410 (1965).
Waggener, J. D., Bunn, S. M., Beggs, J.: The diffusion of ferritin within the peripheral nerve sheath: An electron microscopy study. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.24, 430–443 (1965).
Waksman, B. H.: Experimental study of diphtheric polyneuritis in the rabbit and guinea-pig. III. The blood-nerve barrier in the rabbit. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.21, 35–77 (1961).
— Adams, R. D.: A comparative study of experimental allergic neuritis in the rabbit, guineapig and mouse. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.15, 293–311 (1956).
— Mansmann, H. C., Jr.: Experimental study of diphtheric polyneuritis in the rabbit and the guinea-pig. I. Immunologic and histopathologic observations. J. exp. Med.105, 591–612 (1957).
Webster, H. de F., Spiro, D., Waksman, B., Adams, R. D.: Phase and electron microscopic studies of experimental demyelination. II. Schwann cell changes in guinea-pig sciatic nerves during experimental diphtheric neuritis. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.20, 5–33 (1961).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Olsson, Y. Studies on vascular permeability in peripheral nerves. Acta Neuropathol 17, 114–126 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00687487
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00687487