Detection of an Amadori product, 1-hexitol-lysine, in the anterior horn of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinobulbar muscular atrophy spinal cord: evidence for early involvement of glycation in motoneuron diseases

Abstract

Glycation is a series of non-enzymatic reactions initiated by addition of reducing sugars to ɛ-amino group of lysine residues and α-amino group of the N terminus of proteins, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). It is thought to be involved in aging and various neurodegenerative conditions. In the present study using anti-1-hexitol-lysine (1-HL) antibody, Amadori product, an early glycation product, was detected in axonal spheroids in the anterior horn of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in atrophic neurons of spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, Kennedy disease with abnormally expanded triplet repeats in androgen receptor gene) but not in other regions of the central nervous system. Furthermore, Amadori product was undetectable in the tissues from age-matched controls. Thus, 1-HL formation could not reflect physiological aging.