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Selective and accurate initiation of transcription at the ad2 major late promotor in a soluble system dependent on purified rna polymerase ii and dna
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Cited by (379)
Transcription factor IID parks and drives preinitiation complexes at sharp or broad promoters
2023, Trends in Biochemical SciencesA simple protocol to purify human TFIID free of the MED26 subunit of mediator complex
2021, Protein Expression and PurificationCitation Excerpt :By DEAE-Sephadex fractionization of sea urchin embryo nuclear extract, Dr. Roeder and Dr. Rutter were the first to show the existence of different forms of RNA polymerase in vitro [4]. After the discovery and purifications of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII), additional accessory general (or basal) transcription factors (GTFs) present in soluble nuclear extracts were found to be required for accurate transcription initiation by RNAPII on model promoters in vitro [5,6]. These factors were originally separated by chromatography on P11 phosphocellulose and the A and D fractions were named TFIIA and TFIID, while the C fraction contained TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH [2,7–11].
Functional categories of RNA regulation
2020, RNA-Based Regulation in Human Health and DiseaseGene-Specific H1 Eviction through a Transcriptional Activator→p300→NAP1→H1 Pathway
2019, Molecular CellCitation Excerpt :A fifth histone, the linker histone H1, binds to the entry and exit points of the nucleosome, organizing an additional 20 bp of DNA and further compacting nucleosomes into higher-order chromatin (Fyodorov et al., 2018; Robinson et al., 2006). As revealed by early biochemical (reviewed in Laybourn and Kadonaga, 1991) and genetic (Han and Grunstein, 1988) studies, chromatin formation serves to repress the intrinsic ability of the general transcription machinery (RNA polymerases and general initiation factors) to accurately transcribe cell-specific genes in the absence of bound histones or regulatory factors (Luse and Roeder, 1980; Weil et al., 1979). Transcriptional activation is then governed by gene-specific DNA-binding factors acting in conjunction with two broad groups of co-activators: one including the Mediator and cell-specific cofactors that facilitates direct communication between activators and the general transcription machinery (Roeder, 2003) and another including ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers and histone-modifying factors that facilitate DNA interactions and functions of the regulatory and general transcription machineries (Li et al., 2007).
Odd RNA polymerases or the A(B)C of eukaryotic transcription
2013, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Regulatory MechanismsCitation Excerpt :This work encouraged in vitro transcription studies of viral and cloned cellular class III genes in cellular or nuclear extracts [45,46]. Eventually, following the same strategy, a decade after the discovery of multiple forms of nuclear RNA polymerase, Roeder and co-workers reported accurate initiation at a viral gene by Pol II, using a soluble cell extract as a source of auxiliary proteins [47]. The use of truncated templates generates a run-off transcript of defined length (when initiated properly) thereby palliating the lack of proper transcription termination.
Conservation between the RNA Polymerase I, II, and III Transcription Initiation Machineries
2012, Molecular CellCitation Excerpt :Pol I, II, and III synthesize the 25S rRNA precursor, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and short untranslated RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), respectively. The development of assays for promoter-specific in vitro transcription (Bikoff et al., 1975; Bikoff and Gefter, 1975; Weil et al., 1979; Manley et al., 1980) then led to the fundamental finding that transcription initiation from promoters requires, in addition to the polymerases, several general transcription factors (reviewed in Roeder, 1996; Orphanides et al., 1996; Conaway and Conaway, 1997). The isolation of a transcriptionally active form of Pol II from yeast (Lue and Kornberg, 1987) represented a starting point for detailed structure-function studies of eukaryotic RNA polymerases (reviewed in Kornberg, 2007; Cramer et al., 2008).