Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractBone morphogenetic protein 2 exerts diverse effects on cell growth in vitro and is expressed in human pancreatic cancer in vivo☆,☆☆
Section snippets
Materials
The following materials were purchased: fetal bovine serum, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), trypsin solution, and penicillin-streptomycin solution from Irvine Scientific (Santa Ana, CA); Genescreen membranes from New England Nuclear (Boston, MA); restriction enzymes, Genius 3 nucleic acid detection kit, and random primed labeling kit from Boehringer Mannheim (Indianapolis, IN); Sequenase version 2.0 DNA Sequencing from United States Biochemical (Cleveland, OH); [α-32P]deoxycytidine
Expression of BMP-2, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, and BMPR-II in human pancreatic tissues
Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated from normal human pancreatic tissue revealed a faint BMP-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript (approximately 3.4 kb)26 that was visible on the original autoradiographs in 11 of 12 normal pancreatic samples (Figure 1) and in 12 of 14 chronic pancreatitis samples (Figure 2A).
Discussion
BMP-2 is synthesized as a large precursor that is processed to yield the active BMP-2 protein dimer.6 BMP-2 was originally isolated as a peptide capable of inducing ectopic cartilage formation in vivo.5 BMP-2 is now known to participate in many biological processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates.5 BMP expression has been reported in prostate,33, 34 gastric,35 colorectal, thyroid, and bladder cancer cell lines.36 Expression of BMPs has also been observed in human tumors such as prostate
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Prof. Dr. J. Husler and A. Gemperli, Department of Mathematical Statistics, University of Bern, Switzerland, for statistical support.
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Address requests for reprints to: Murray Korc, M.D., Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical Sciences I, C240, University of California, Irvine, California 92697. e-mail: [email protected]; fax: (949) 824-1035.
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Supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants CA-75059 and CA-40162 (to M.K.) and by a fellowship award from the University of California Research and Education Grant on Gene Therapy for Cancer (to J.K.).