Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Review
  • Published:

The Human Papillomavirus E6 protein and its contribution to malignant progression

Abstract

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein is one of three oncoproteins encoded by the virus. It has long been recognized as a potent oncogene and is intimately associated with the events that result in the malignant conversion of virally infected cells. In order to understand the mechanisms by which E6 contributes to the development of human malignancy many laboratories have focused their attention on identifying the cellular proteins with which E6 interacts. In this review we discuss these interactions in the light of their respective contributions to the malignant progression of HPV transformed cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albrechtsen N, Dornreiter I, Grosse F, Kim E, Wiesmuller, Deppert W . 1999 Oncogene 18: 7706–7717

  • Alvarez-Salas L, Cullinan A, Siwkowski A, Hampel A, DiPaolo J . 1998 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 1189–1194

  • Androphy EJ, Hubbert NL, Schiller JT, Lowy DR . 1987 EMBO J. 6: 992

  • Arbeit J, Münger K, Howley P, Hanahan D . 1993 Am. J. Pathol. 142: 1187–1197

  • Arbeit J, Münger K, Howley P, Hanahan D . 1994 J. Virol. 68: 4358–4368

  • Ashcroft M, Vousden K . 1999 Oncogene 18: 7637–7643

  • Askew D, Ashmun R, Simmons B, Cleveland J . 1991 Oncogene 6: 1915–1922

  • Baldwin A . 1996 Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14: 649–683

  • Band V, DeCaprio J, Delmolino L, Kulesa V, Sager R . 1991 J. Virol. 65: 6671–6676

  • Band V, Dalal S, Delmolino L, Androphy E . 1993 EMBO J. 12: 1847–1852

  • Banks L, Spence P, Androphy E, Hubbert N, Matlashewski G, Murray A, Crawford L . 1987 J. Gen. Virol. 68: 1351–1359

  • Bannister A, Kouzarides T . 1995 EMBO J. 14: 4758–4762

  • Barbosa M, Lowy D, Schiller J . 1989 J. Virol. 63: 1404–1407

  • Becamel C, Figge A, Poliak S, Dumuis A, Peles E, Bockaert J, Lubbert H, Ullmer C . 2001 J. Biol. Chem. 276: 12974–12982

  • Beer-Romero P, Glass S, Rolfe M . 1997 Oncogene 14: 595–602

  • Benton C, Arends MJ . 1996 Papillomavirus Reviews: Current Research on Papillomaviruses. C. Lacey (ed) Leeds Medical Information pp. 271–279

  • Bilder D, Perrimon N . 2000 Nature 403: 676–680

  • Bilder D, Li M, Perrimon N . 2000 Science 289: 113–116

  • Boyd J, Malstrom S, Subramaniam T, Venkatesh L, Schaeper U, Elangovan B, D'Sa-Eipper C, Chinnadurai G . 1994 Cell 79: 341–351

  • Burnett A, Barnes W, Johnson J, Grendys E, Willett G, Barter J, Doniger J . 1992 Gynecol. Oncol. 47: 343–347

  • Butz K, Denk C, Ullmann A, Scheffner M, Hoppe-Seyler F . 2000 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 6693–6697

  • Butz K, Shahabedin L, Geisen C, Spitkovsky D, Ullmann A, Hoppe-Seyler F . 1995 Oncogene 10: 927–936

  • Butz K, Whitaker N, Denk C, Ullmann A, Geisen C, Hoppe-Seyler F . 1999 Oncogene 18: 2381–2386

  • Caruana G, Bernstein A . 2001 Mol. Cell Biol. 21: 1475–1483

  • Chen J, Hong Y, Rustamzadeh E, Baleja J, Androphy E . 1998 J. Biol. Chem. 73: 13537–13544

  • Chen J, Reid C, Band V, Androphy E . 1995 Science 269: 529–531

  • Cohen N, Brenman J, Snyder S, Bredt D . 1996 Neuron 17: 759–767

  • Comerford SA, Maika SD, Laimins LA, Messing A, Elsasser HP, Hammer RE . 1995 Oncogene 10: 587–597

  • Cole ST, Danos O . 1987 J. Mol. Biol. 193: 599–608

  • Cooper K, Herrington CS, Evans MF, Gatter KC, McGee JO . 1993 J. Pathol. 171: 27–34

  • Crook T, Tidy J, Vousden K . 1991 Cell 67: 547–556

  • Daling J, Sherman K, Hislop T, Maden G, Mandelson M, Beckmann A, Weiss N . 1992 Am. J. Epidemiol. 135: 180–189

  • Degenhardt Y, Silverstein S . 2001 J. Virol. 75: 151–160

  • Desaintes C, Hallez P, Van Alphen P, Burney A . 1992 J. Virol. 66: 325–333

  • DiPaolo J, Woodworth C, Popescu MC, Notario V, Doniger J . 1989 Oncogene 4: 395–399

  • Dobrosotskaya I, James G . 2000 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 270: 903–909

  • Dobrosotskaya I, Guy R, James G . 1997 J. Biol. Chem. 272: 31589–31597

  • Donehower L, Harvey M, Slagle B, McArthur M, Montgomery C, Butel J, Bradley A . 1992 Nature 356: 215–221

  • Doorbar J, Foo C, Coleman N, Medcalf L, Hartley O, Prospero T, Napthine S, Sterling J, Winter G, Griffin H . 1997 Virology 238: 40–52

  • Doyle D, Lee A, Lewis J, Kim E, Sheng M, MacKinnon R . 1996 Cell 85: 1067–1076

  • Dürst M, Gallahan D, Jay G, Rhim J . 1989 Virology 173: 767–771

  • Elbel M, Carl S, Spaderna S, Iftner T . 1997 Virology 239: 132–149

  • El-Deiry W, Tokino T, Velculescu V, Levy D, Parsons R, Trent J, Lin D, Mercer W, Kinzler K, Vogelstein B . 1993 Cell 75: 817–825

  • Elmore LW, Hancock AR, Chang SF, Wang XW, Chang S, Callahan CP, Geller DA, Will H, Harris CC . 1997 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 14707–14712

  • Elston R, Napthine S, Doorbar J . 1998 J. Gen. Virol. 79: 371–374

  • Etscheid BG, Foster SA, Galloway DA . 1994 Virology 205: 583–585

  • Farrow S, White J, Martinou I, Raven T, Pun K, Grinham C, Martinou J, Brown C . 1995 Nature 374: 731–733

  • Fortunato EA, Spector DH . 1998 J. Virol. 72: 2033–2039

  • Foster S, Demers W, Etscheid B, Galloway D . 1994 J. Virol. 68: 5698–5705

  • Freedman D, Levine AJ . 1998 Mol. Cell Biol. 18: 7288–7293

  • Gao Q, Kumar A, Srinivasan S, Singh L, Mukai H, Ono Y, Wazer D, Band V . 2000 J. Biol. Chem. 275: 14824–14830

  • Gao Q, Singh L, Kumar A, Srinivasan S, Wazer D, Band V . 2001 J. Virol. 75: 4459–4466

  • Gao Q, Srinivasan S, Boyer S, Wazer D, Band V . 1999 Mol. Cell Biol. 19: 733–744

  • Gardiol D, Kühne C, Glausinger B, Lee S, Javier R, Banks L . 1999 Oncogene 18: 5487–5496

  • Gewin L, Galloway DA . 2001 J. Virol. 75: 7198–7201

  • Glaunsinger B, Lee S, Thomas M, Banks L, Javier R . 2000 Oncogene 19: 5270–5280

  • Goodman R, Smolik S . 2000 Genes Dev 14: 1553–1577

  • Goodwin E, DiMaio D . 2000 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 12513–12518

  • Griep AE, Herber R, Jeon S, Lohse JK, Dubielzig RR, Lambert PF . 1993 J. Virol. 67: 1373–1384

  • Gross-Mesilaty S, Reinstein E, Bercovich B, Tobias K, Schwartz A, Kahana C, Ciechanover A . 1998 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 8058–8063

  • Hamada K, Sakaue M, Alemany R, Zhang W, Horio Y, Roth J, Mitchell M . 1996 Gynecol. Oncol. 63: 219–227

  • Harper J, Adami G, Wei N, Keyomarsi K, Elledge S . 1993 Cell 75: 805–816

  • Hawley-Nelson P, Vousden K, Hubbert N, Lowy D, Schiller J . 1989 EMBO J. 8: 3905–3910

  • Hengstermann A, Linares L, Ciechanover A, Whitaker N, Scheffner M . 2001 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 1218–1223

  • Herber R, Liem H, Pitot H, Lambert P . 1996 J. Virol. 70: 1873–1881

  • Honda R, Tanaka H, Yasuda H . 1997 FEBS Lett. 420: 25–27

  • Hu Y, Baud V, Delhase M, Zhang P, Deerinck T, Ellisman M, Johnson R, Karin M . 1999 Science 284: 316–320

  • Huibregtse J, Scheffner M, Howley P . 1991 EMBO J. 10: 4129–4135

  • Huibregtse J, Scheffner M, Howley P . 1993a Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 775–784

  • Huibregtse J, Scheffner M, Howley P . 1993b Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 4918–4927

  • Hurlin P, Kaur P, Smith P, Perez-Reyes N, Blanton R, McDougall J . 1991 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 570–574

  • Ide N, Hata Y, Nishioka H, Hirao K, Yao I, Deguchi M, Mizoguchi A, Ishimori H, Tokino T, Nakamura Y, Takai Y . 1999 Oncogene 18: 7810–7815

  • Isaacs JS, Barrett JC, Weissman BE . 1999 Mol. Carcinog. 24: 70–77

  • Ishidate T, Matsumine A, Toyoshima K, Akiyama T . 2000 Oncogene 19: 365–372

  • Jackson S, Storey A . 2000 Oncogene 19: 592–598

  • Jackson S, Harwood C, Thomas M, Banks L, Storey A . 2000 Genes Dev. 14: 3065–3073

  • Kanda T, Watanabe S, Zanma S, Sato H, Furuno A, Yoshiike K . 1991 Virology 185: 536–543

  • Kao W, Beaudenon S, Talis A, Huibregtse J, Howley P . 2000 J. Virol. 74: 6408–6417

  • Kemp C, Donehower L, Bradley A, Balmain A . 1993 Cell 74: 813–822

  • Kessis T, Slebos R, Nelson W, Kastan M, Plunkett B, Han S, Lorincz A, Hedrick L, Cho K . 1993 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 3988–3992

  • Kim E, Niethammer M, Rothschild A, Nung Yan Y, Sheng M . 1995 Nature 378: 85–88

  • Kim S . 1997 Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 9: 853–859

  • Kinzler K, Vogelstein B . 1996 Cell 87: 159–170

  • Kishino T, Lalande M, Wagstaff J . 1997 Nat. Genet. 15: 70–73

  • Kiyono T, Foster S, Koop J, McDougall J, Galloway D, Klingelhutz A . 1998 Nature 396: 84–88

  • Kiyono T, Hiraiwa A, Fujita M, Hayashi Y, Akiyama T, Ishibashi M . 1997 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 11612–11616

  • Klingelhutz A, Foster S, McDougall J . 1996 Nature 380: 79–82

  • König C, Roth J, Dobbelstein M . 1999 J. Virol. 73: 2253–2262

  • Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Reed J . 1996 Cancer Res. 56: 2849–2855

  • Kühne C, Banks L . 1998 J. Biol. Chem. 273: 34302–34309

  • Kühne C, Gardiol D, Guarnaccia C, Amenitsch H, Banks L . 2000 Oncogene 19: 5884–5891

  • Kukimoto I, Aihara S, Yoshiike K, Kanda T . 1998 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 249: 258–262

  • Kurman R, Schiffman M, Lancaster W, Reid R, Jenson A, Temple G, Lorincz A . 1988 Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 159: 293–296

  • Lechner M, Laimins L . 1994 J. Virol. 68: 4262–4273

  • Lechner M, Mack D, Finicle A, Crook T, Vousden K, Laimins L . 1992 EMBO J. 11: 3045–3052

  • Lee D, Lee B, Kim J, Kim W, Choe J . 2000a J. Biol. Chem. 275: 7045–7051

  • Lee S, Glausinger B, Mantovani F, Banks L, Javier R . 2000b J. Virol. 74: 9680–9693

  • Lee S, Weiss R, Javier R . 1997 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 6670–6675

  • Lepik D, Ilves I, Kristjuhan A, Maimets T, Ustav M . 1998 J. Virol. 72: 6822–6831

  • Li X, Coffino P . 1996 J. Virol. 70: 4509–4516

  • Lie AK, Skarsvag S, Skomedal H, Haugen OA, Holm R . 1999 Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 18: 5–11

  • Lin J, Chen J, Elenbaas B, Levine AJ . 1994 Genes Dev. 8: 1235–1246

  • Liu Y, Chen J, Gao Q, Dalal S, Hong Y, Mansur C, Band V, Androphy E . 1999 J. Virol. 73: 7297–7307

  • Liu Z, Ghai J, Ostrow RS, McGlennen RC, Faras AJ . 1994 Virology 201: 388–396

  • Lowe S, Jacks T, Houseman D, Ruley E . 1994 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2026–2030

  • Lue R, Marfatia S, Branton D, Chishti A . 1994 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 9818–9822

  • Lyons R, Moses H . 1990 Eur. J. Biochem. 187: 467–473

  • Mancini A, Koch A, Stefan M, Niemann H, Tamura T . 2000 FEBS Lett. 482: 54–58

  • Mantovani F, Banks L . 1999 Oncogene 18: 3309–3315

  • Mantovani F Massimi P, Banks L . 2001 J. Cell Sci. in press

  • Marcello A, Massimi P, Banks L, Giacca M . 2000 J. Virol. 74: 9090–9098

  • Marfatia S, Morais Cabral J, Lin L, Hough C, Bryant P, Stolz L, Chishti A . 1996 J. Cell. Biol. 135: 753–766

  • Marte B, Downward J . 1997 Trends Biochem. Sci. 22: 355–358

  • Massimi P, Pim D, Bertoli C, Bouvard V, Banks L . 1999 Oncogene 18: 7748–7754

  • Matlashewski G, Banks L, Pim D, Crawford L . 1986 Eur. J. Biochem. 154: 665–672

  • Matsumine A, Ogai A, Senda T, Okumura N, Satoh K, Baeg G, Kawahara T, Tobayashi S, Okada M, Toyoshima K, Akyama T . 1996 Science 272: 1020–1023

  • Matsuura T, Sutcliffe J, Fang P, Galjaard R, Jiang Y, Benton C, Rommens J, Beaudet A . 1997 Nat. Genet. 15: 74–77

  • Menon AG, Rutter JL, von Sattel JP, Synder H, Murdoch C, Blumenfeld A, Martuza RL, von Deimling A, Gusella JF, Houseal TW . 1997 Oncogene 14: 611–616

  • Münger K, Phelps WC, Bubb V, Howley PM, Schlegel R . 1989 J. Virol. 63: 4417–4421

  • Nakagawa S, Huibregtse J . 2000 Mol. Cell Biol. 20: 8244–8253

  • Nakagawa S, Watanabe S, Yoshikawa H, Taketani Y, Yoshiike K, Kanda T . 1995 Virology 212: 535–542

  • Nees M, Geoghean JM, Hyman T, Frank S, Miller L, Woodworth CD . 2001 J. Virol. 75: 4283–4296

  • Pan H, Griep A . 1994 Genes Dev. 8: 1285–1299

  • Pan H, Griep A . 1995 Genes Dev. 9: 2157–2169

  • Parkin D, Pisani P, Ferlay J . 1999 Int. J. Cancer 80: 827–841

  • Patel D, Huang S, Baglia L, McCance . 1999 EMBO J. 18: 5061–5072

  • Pecoraro G, Morgan D, Defendi V . 1989 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 563–567

  • Peng Y, Breiding D, Sverdrup F, Richard J, Androphy E . 2000 J. Virol. 74: 5872–5879

  • Pietenpol J, Holt J, Stein R, Moses R . 1990a Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 3758–3762

  • Pietenpol J, Stein R, Moran E, Yaciuk P, Schlegel R, Lyons R, Pittelkow M, Münger K, Howley P, Moses H . 1990b Cell 61: 777–785

  • Pim D, Storey A, Thomas M, Massimi P, Banks L . 1994 Oncogene 9: 1869–1876

  • Pim D, Massimi P, Banks L . 1997 Oncogene 15: 257–264

  • Pim D, Thomas M, Javier R, Gardiol D, Banks L . 2000 Oncogene 19: 719–725

  • Polakis P . 1999 Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 9: 15–21

  • Polyak K, Xia Y, Zweler J, Kinzler K, Vogelstein B . 1997 Nature 389: 300–305

  • Querido E, Morisson M, Chu-Pham-Dang H, Thirlwell S, Boivin D, Branton P . 2001 J. Virol. 75: 699–709

  • Reuver SM, Garner CC . 1998 J. Cell. Sci. 111: 1071–1080

  • Reznikoff C, Belair C, Savelieva E, Zhai Y, Pfeifer K, Yeager T, Thompson K, DeVries S, Bindley C, Newton M . 1994 Genes Dev. 8: 2227–2240

  • Ronco L, Karpova A, Vidal M, Howley P . 1998 Genes Dev. 12: 2061–2072

  • Ruppert J, Stillmann B . 1993 Mol. Cell Biol. 13: 3811–3820

  • Sastry S, Burridge K . 2000 Exp. Cell. Res. 261: 25–36

  • Sastry S, Horwitz A . 1996 Dev. Biol. 180: 455–467

  • Scheffner M, Werness B, Huibregtse J, Levine A, Howley P . 1990 Cell 63: 1129–1136

  • Schneider-Gädicke A, Kaul S, Schwarz E, Gausepohl H, Frank R, Bastert G . 1988 Cancer Res. 48: 2969–2974

  • Schwarz E, Freese U, Gissmann L, Mayer W, Roggenbuck B, Stremlau A, zur Hausen H . 1985 Nature 314

  • Schwarz S, Rosa J, Scheffner M . 1998 J. Biol. Chem. 273: 12148–12154

  • Sedman SA, Barbosa MS, Vass WC, Hubbert NL, Haas JA, Lowy DR, Schiller JT . 1991 J. Virol. 65: 4860–4866

  • Sherman L, Schlegel R . 1996 J. Virol. 70: 3269–3279

  • Sherman L, Jackman A, Itzhaki H, Stoppler M, Koval D, Schlegel R . 1997 Virology 237: 296–306

  • Snijders P, van Duin M, Walboomers J, Steenbergen R, Risse E, Helmerhorst T, Verheijen R, Meijer C . 1998 Cancer Res. 58: 3812–3818

  • Somasundaram K, El-Deiry WS . 1997 Oncogene 14: 1047–1057

  • Song S, Pitot H, Lambert P . 1999 J. Virol. 73: 5887–5893

  • Song S, Liem A, Miller J, Lambert P . 2000 Virology 267: 141–150

  • Songyang Z, Fanning A, Fu C, Xu J, Marfatia S, Chishti A, Crompton A, Chan A, Anderson J, Cantley L . 1997 Science 275: 73–77

  • Steegenga W, Riteco N, Jochemsen AG, Fallaux F, Bos J . 1998 Oncogene 16: 349–357

  • Steller M, Zou Z, Schiller J, Baserga R . 1996 Cancer Res. 56: 5087–5091

  • Storey A, Banks L . 1993 Oncogene 8: 919–924

  • Storey A, Thomas M, Kalita A, Harwood C, Gardiol D, Mantovani F, Breuer J, Leigh I, Matlashewski G, Banks L . 1998 Nature 393: 229–234

  • Suzuki T, Ohsugi Y, Uchida-Toita M, Akiyama T, Yoshida M . 1999 Oncogene 18: 5967–5972

  • Talis A, Huibregtse J, Howley P . 1998 J. Biol. Chem. 273: 6439–6445

  • Thanos D, Maniatis T . 1995 Cell 83: 1091–1100

  • Thomas M, Banks L . 1998 Oncogene 17: 2943–2954

  • Thomas M, Banks L . 1999 J. Gen. Virol. 80: 1513–1517

  • Thomas M, Massimi P, Jenkins J, Banks L . 1995 Oncogene 10: 261–268

  • Thomas M, Glaunsinger B, Pim D, Javier R, Banks L . 2001 Oncogene 20: 5431–5439

  • Tochio H, Huang F, Li M, Bredt D, Zhang M . 2000 J. Mol. Biol. 295: 225–237

  • Tong X, Howley P . 1997 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 4412–4417

  • Turner CE . 2000 J. Cell. Sci. 113: 4139–4140

  • Ullmer C, Schmuck K, Figge A, Lubbert H . 1998 FEBS Lett 424: 63–68

  • von Knebel Doeberitz M, Rittmuller C, zur Hausen H, Dürst M . 1992 Int. J. Cancer 51: 831–834

  • Veldman T, Horikawa I, Barret J, Schlegel R . 2001 J. Virol. 75: 4467–4472

  • Wathelet M, Lin C, Parekh B, Ronco L, Howley P, Maniatis T . 1998 Mol. Cell 1: 507–518

  • Wazer DL, Liu XL, Chu Q, Gao Q, Band V . 1995 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 3687–3691

  • Weaver B, Prasanna Kumar K, Reich N . 1998 Mol. Cell Biol. 18: 1359–1386

  • Weis K, Griffiths G, Lamond A . 1994 J. Biol. Chem. 269: 19142–19150

  • White A, Livanos E, Tlsty T . 1994 Genes Dev. 8: 666–677

  • Wilcock D, Lane DP . 1991 Nature 349: 429–431

  • Woods D, Hough C, Peel D, Callaini G, Bryant PJ . 1996 J. Cell Biol. 134: 1469–1482

  • Woodworth C, Doniger J, DiPaolo J . 1989 J. Virol. 63: 159–164

  • Wu X, Levine A . 1994 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 3602–3606

  • Wu X, Hepner K, Castelino-Prabhu S, Do D, Kaye M, Yuan X, Wood J, Ross C, Sawyers C, Whang Y . 2000a Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 4233–4238

  • Wu Y, Dowbenko D, Spencer S, Laura R, Lee J, Gu Q, Lasky L . 2000b J. Biol. Chem. 275: 21477–21485

  • Zhang J, Rose B, Thompson C, Jarrett C, Russell P, Houghton R, Cossart Y . 1995 Gynecol. Oncol. 57: 170–177

  • Zimmermann H, Degenkolbe R, Bernard H, O'Connor M . 1999 J. Virol. 73: 6209–6219

  • zur Hausen H, Schneider A . 1987 The Papillomaviruses. Salzman NP, Howley PM (eds). Plenum Publishing Corp.: New York pp. 245–263

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to C Meyers, D Pim and M Thomas for allowing us to cite their unpublished work. We are also grateful to M Thomas for valuable comments on the manuscript. L Banks gratefully acknowledges research support provided by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lawrence Banks.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mantovani, F., Banks, L. The Human Papillomavirus E6 protein and its contribution to malignant progression. Oncogene 20, 7874–7887 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204869

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204869

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links